Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, is an allergic reaction that occurs when the immune system overreacts to airborne allergens. The most common triggers for allergic rhinitis include pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds, as well as mold spores, dust mites, and pet dander. When an individual with allergic rhinitis comes into contact with these allergens, the immune system releases chemicals, such as histamines, leading to symptoms in the nasal and respiratory passages.
Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis can be classified into two main types:
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever):
Symptoms occur during specific seasons when certain plants release their pollen. Common triggers include tree pollen in the spring, grass pollen in late spring and early summer, and weed pollen in late summer and fall.
Perennial Allergic Rhinitis:
Symptoms persist throughout the year and are usually triggered by indoor allergens, such as dust mites, mold, pet dander, and cockroach droppings.
Key characteristics of allergic rhinitis include:
1.Nasal Symptoms:
Individuals with allergic rhinitis often experience symptoms such as sneezing, itching (nose, eyes, throat), runny nose (rhinorrhea), and nasal congestion. These symptoms are commonly referred to as "hay fever."
2. Eye Symptoms:
Allergic rhinitis can affect the eyes, causing redness, itching, and watery eyes. This is known as allergic conjunctivitis.
3. Respiratory Symptoms:
In some cases, allergic rhinitis can lead to symptoms in the lower respiratory tract, such as coughing and wheezing. People with a history of asthma may experience worsening of their asthma symptoms.
4. Fatigue:
Persistent allergic rhinitis symptoms can lead to fatigue and a decreased sense of well-being.